Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous Ligaments
There are two other very strong ligaments connecting the lower part of the
sacrum to the lower part of the pelvis, called the ischium. Connecting the
apex of the sacrum and the spine of the ischium are the sacrospinus
ligaments. The sacrotuberus ligaments connect the sacrum with the tuberosity
of the ischium.
The sacrospinus and sacrotuberus ligaments prevent the apex of the sacrum
from shifting backwards, thus contributing, with the
iliolumbar
ligaments, to preventing the base of the sacrum from tilting forward and
downward in the pelvis under the weight of the body. Thus, they also prevent
excessive lumbar lordosis from forming. A lot of stress is exerted on the sacrospinus, sacrotuberus, and iliolumbar ligaments during sporting
activities that cause an arching of the back, such as high jumping,
golfing,
gymnastics, pitching, and volleyball spiking. When these ligaments are
injured and become stretched, similar problems to iliolumbar ligament injury
occur. The apex of the sacrum excessively shifts backward allowing the base
of the sacrum to shift forward and downward in the pelvis. As a result, the
lumbosacral
angle is increased, the lordosis (spinal curvature) is
increased, an increased stress is exerted on the disc and on the
facet
joints, causing
disc degeneration
and possible herniation, and facet joint dysfunctions (locking and
arthritis).
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